Current Status and Future Direction of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What Do the Data Suggest?

Immune Netw · 2020 · PMC7049588 · PMID 32158599

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0238

closest p · 0.5× alpha

0.0750

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep=0.0238actually significant

Although results from the final analysis showed that improved overall survival when compared with placebo, the differences did not reach statistical significance per predefined criteria (HR=0.781; 95% CI=0.611–0.998; p=0.0238).

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did not achieve significancep=0.075so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Regrettably, the CheckMate 459 trial, a randomized phase III study evaluating nivolumab versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable HCC, did not achieve significance for its primary endpoint of overall survival as defined in the pre-specified analysis plan (hazard ratio [HR]=0.85; 95% CI=0.72–1.02; p=0.075) ( 34 ).

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Although the results failed to meet the predefined threshold of statistical significance because p-value for overall survival of this trial is borderline, there was a clear trend suggestive of improved overall survival for patients treated with nivolumab compared to sorafenib.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.