a clear trendp = 0.067
Moreover, the pair-wise comparison (Mann-Whitney U test) showed significantly higher levels in pre-DAAs HIV/HCV compared to the HIV group for IL-18 ( p = 0.008), IP-10 ( p < 0.0001) and VCAM-1 ( p < 0.0001) with a clear trend for ICAM-1 ( p = 0.067).