Effects of L-theanine-caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: a proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT.

l -Theanine–caffeine combination improved total cognition composite (p = 0.041), d-prime in the Go/NoGo task (p = 0.033) and showed a trend of improvement of inhibitory control (p = 0.080). l -Theanine–caffeine combination was associated with decreased task-related reactivity of a brain network associated with mind wandering (i.e. default mode network). l -Theanine–caffeine combination may be a potential therapeutic option for ADHD-associated impairments in sustained attention, inhibitory control and overall cognitive performance.

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Furthermore, l -theanine was also associated with a trend of increased SSRT compared to placebo (β = 0.04, p = 0.053) that approached significance.

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We also noted a statistical trend of increase in the SSRT (i.e. a trend of deterioration of inhibitory control) with the intake of l -theanine.

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