The 30% significant reduction in perceived pain intensity in the exergaming exceeded the appropriate cut-off point for determining the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) of changes in pain intensity of 15%, where a numerical rating change score of − 2.0 and a percent change score of − 33% are best associated with the concept of “much better improvement” [ 94 ]. Multidimensional affect and pain variables (MAPS) ANCOVA revealed that the variable physically engaged; (F [1, 48] = 3.76, p = 0.06, ε 2 = 0.01, small effect) from the well-being subcluster approached significance in favour of exergaming (see Table 4 ).
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The effects of exergaming on pain, postural control, technology acceptance and flow experience in older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomised controlled trial.
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While our results showed a trend of increased scores in all flow dimensions from baseline to the end of the intervention, significance increases over time were achieved in eight of the nine dimensions of flow state in both groups, except transformation of time, supporting the notion of the flow phenomenon in sport [ 124 , 125 ].