IHC assessment of tumour-infiltrating T cells expressing CD3 (median, 7.97% [IQR, 3.42–16.64]) or CD8 (3.04% [IQR, 1.45–7.18]), but not CD4 (1.72% [IQR, 0.57–5.71]) or FOXP3 (0.55% [IQR, 0.23–1.22]), showed a trend towards improved OS (both p = 0.08) ( Fig. 3B - E ).
sorafenib as first-line treatment in patients with advanced HCC, nivolumab did not reach statistical significance for OS vs . sorafenib, despite suggested clinical benefit with improved objective response rate (ORR) in nivolumab-treated patients. 6 Therefore, it remains critical to understand the determinants behind responses to nivolumab and other ICIs.