Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in nonclinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

PLoS Med · 2021 · PMC7799763 · PMID 33428616

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0190

closest p · 0.4× alpha

0.0400

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp –value = 0.019actually significant

Anxiety showed a trend towards improvement (SMD = −0.47; 95% CI −0.87 to −0.08; p –value = 0.019; 95% PI −1.60 to 0.66).

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borderline significancep = 0.028actually significant

Study location had the same moderating effect as with depression, albeit with borderline significance ( p = 0.028), which disappeared after adjusting for methodological quality.

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borderline significantp = 0.04actually significant

The corollary analysis including only USA–based trials returned a borderline significant small effect (SMD −0.24 (95%CI −0.48, −0.01) p = 0.04).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Several trials reported only the fact that results for some outcomes did not reach statistical significance, rather than the effects themselves.

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