Response of altitudinal vegetation belts of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China to climate change during 1989-2015.

Extant literature has proven that the arid and semi-arid climate in northwestern China exhibits a clear trend of both warming and humidification 18 .

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In general, the climate in the west and the north parts of the Tianshan Mountains showed a trend of “warm and humid”, but the climate in the south and the east showed a trend of “warm and dry” 31 reported the following: the whole Tianshan Mountains present a warm and humid trend (1960–2016); the annual average temperature increase rate in the north slope is greater than that in the south slope; and annual precipitation has increased significantly in the north and west, but not in other areas.

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The results demonstrated that the temperature in the study area exhibited an increasing trend, and is the main factor of altitudinal vegetation belts change in the Tianshan Mountains.

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