Visuomotor predictors of batting performance in baseball players.

Independent-samples t tests showed that the baseball players were superior to the nonathletes in all four aspects of ocular-tracking performance, as indicated by 8 out of 12 oculometric measures: shorter latency ( t (84) = 2.84, p = 0.0056, Cohen's d = 0.61), larger open-loop acceleration that reached borderline significance ( t ( 84 ) = 1.98, p = 0.051, Cohen's d = 0.43), larger steady-state gain ( t (84) = 4.12, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.89), smaller catch-up saccade amplitude ( t (84) = 2.98, p = 0.0038, Cohen's d = 0.64) and dispersion ( t (84) = 2.78, p = 0.0068, Cohen's d = 0.60), smaller direction noise ( t (84) = 3.48, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.75) and vertical-horizontal asymmetry ( t (84) = 2.49, p = 0.015, Cohen's d = 0.54), and larger speed responsiveness ( t (84) = 2.50, p = 0.014, Cohen's d = 0.54).

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On the other hand, hit rate of batting performance ( Figure 6 c) showed a trend of improvement with years of experience (Pearson's r (23) = 0.32, p one-tailed = 0.070), perhaps failing to reach full significance because of a smaller sample size—we only had access to the batting performance of the female players, with only three of them having more than a decade of experience, thus limiting the x -axis range.

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