Cocaine self-administration induces sex-dependent protein expression in the nucleus accumbens.

Using this approach, we found there is a significant overlap between the proteins unchanged by cocaine in males and those unchanged by cocaine in females (compared to predicted overlap by random chance), while the overlap in proteins changed by cocaine in males and those changed by cocaine in females did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio = 2.37, p = 0.06, Fig. 4c ).

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Moreover, when mice responded for cocaine (0.3 mg/kg/injection) under a progressive ratio schedule, female mice showed a trend towards a higher break point compared to males, potentially indicating a higher level of motivation at this dose (Supplementary Fig. 3d ).

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