However, in another study, a minimal change in isometric handgrip strength that did not reach statistical significance was noted in asymptomatic male recreational basketball players following a single session of spinal manipulation of the C5/6 spinal level (Humphries et al. 2013 ).
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The contemporary model of vertebral column joint dysfunction and impact of high-velocity, low-amplitude controlled vertebral thrusts on neuromuscular function.
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It is also possible there was a type II error that occurred or that the sham in this study was not a true sham, as the overall strength changes showed a trend towards an increase post the adjustment vs. the sham (overall percentage changes of isometric contractions: spinal adjustment 4.0% ± 9.5% vs. sham 1.2% ± 6.3%, p = 0.067).