Blood transfusion practices affect CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells/T helper-17 cells and the clinical outcome of geriatric patients with hip fracture.

For patients with Hb levels over 10 g/dL, 4 patients received a blood transfusion due to a poor mental state, although the Treg frequencies of the transfusion and nontransfusion groups showed a decreasing trend between 48 h and 7 days after surgery ( P < 0.05, nontransfusion group; P < 0.05, transfusion group), but the degree of change in the two groups of Tregs showed no significant difference ( P = 0.543).

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The frequency of Th17 cells also showed an increasing trend compared with the healthy controls, but the trend was not significant ( P < 0.005).

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The results showed a trend toward an accumulation of Tregs in HF patients with a lower HHS, but this trend did not reach statistical significance.

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