Comparison of demographic, clinical, spirometry, and radiological parameters between smoking and non-smoking COPD patients in rural Gujarat, India.

Breathlessness and exercise intolerance are the most common symptoms in COPD and progress relentlessly as the disease advances.[ 17 ] While all 60 (100%) subjects in our study presented with dyspnea, non-smokers with COPD showed a trend toward less severe shortness of breath compared to smokers with COPD.

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Discussion Smoking is a known cause of COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, and the risk increases with pack-years.[ 3 4 ] These findings were supported by NICE guidelines 2010 which states that greater than 20 pack years’ history of smoking has a high likelihood of getting COPD.[ 5 ] The mean pack years in our study were 24.93 years, with a clear trend that demonstrated that an increase in pack years was associated with increase in severity of COPD.

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