Revisiting the Relationships between Fat-to-Protein Ratio in Milk and Energy Balance in Dairy Cows of Different Parities, and at Different Stages of Lactation.

−47.5 MJ of ME/day), while differences in second lactation cows tended towards significance (−57.2 vs. −64.4 MJ of ME/day).

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Similarly, ‘High’ FPR scores in milk (≥1.5) were consistently associated with a greater negative energy balance, milk yields, body weight loss, and plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations; however, their relationships with dry matter intake did not follow a clear trend.

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