Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data.

PLoS One · 2021 · PMC8659693 · PMID 34882700

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a significant trendno p-value reported

In our analysis, we estimated a significant trend with excess mortality for increasing levels of deprivation, with an approximately doubling in the excess morality risk in the most deprived quintile versus the least, which compared closely with the OpenSAFELY estimates for COVID-19 death, either age-sex or fully adjusted [ 6 ].

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a clear trendno p-value reported

While 2020 mortality showed a clear trend with IMD, this was not too dis-similar to the usual trend, and as a result only the EMR for the most deprived quintile (EMR = 2.05, 95%CI 1.76–2.38) was significantly slightly higher than expected (UMR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.65–1.75).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.