Ecological Water Demand Over the past 50 years, the ecological water demand of water, woodland, and grassland have all shown a decreasing trend except for wetland, but there were some differences ( Figure 8 ).
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Analysis of the Water Demand-Supply Gap and Scarcity Index in Lower Amu Darya River Basin, Central Asia.
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From Table 4 and Figure 6 d, with the increase of cultivated land area, the IWRreg also shows an increasing trend, and there is a good consistency between cultivated land area and IWR.
The annual average precipitation was 126.22 × 10 8 m 3 , and the precipitation showed a trend of fluctuating increase with a rate of 0.51 × 10 8 m 3 /y, in which precipitation increased sharply in the 1970s to 1980s. 3.2.
The average water supply and water demand were 271.88 × 10 8 m 3 , 467.85 × 10 8 m 3 , respectively, both TWS and TWD had a significant trend of reduction with a significance of 99% by Mann-Kendall test, and the rate of reduction was 1.87 × 10 8 m 3 /y and 12.22 × 10 8 m 3 /y; the gap has a significant increasing trend with a significance of 99% and a growth rate of 10.35 × 10 8 m 3 /y by Mann-Kendall test, and the average gap was −195.96 × 10 8 m 3 , which means the state was deficit constantly in the study area.