The S1 Subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activates Human Monocytes to Produce Cytokines Linked to COVID-19: Relevance to Galectin-3.

Front Immunol · 2022 · PMC8982143 · PMID 35392091

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showed a trendno p-value reported

In general, the latter two showed a trend to induce less cytokine, even when comparing to the medium and IL-3 controls.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

There was a trend for increased production of G-CSF by mDC when cultured with S2 and in the presence of IL-3, yet this did not reach statistical significance.

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