Antibiotic Treatment during Pregnancy Alters Offspring Gut Microbiota in a Sex-Dependent Manner.

However, in contrast, the vancomycin group showed a trend toward an increase in observed OTU and Shannon index decreases at p21 ( p ≤ 0.01) ( Figure 1 C, D).

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In the ABX-cocktail group, Lactobacillus johnsonii was decreased in the males at p21 and 6m, but this did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons even though 6m males had complete depletion; however, the females had a significant decrease that depleted this bacteria entirely at p21 ( p ≤ 0.0001) and 6m ( p ≤ 0.01).

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The vancomycin mice did not experience a decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii following LPS, rather they were significantly increased ( p ≤ 0.0001) as compared to naive controls, except for 6m males where increases did not quite reach significance.

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