Sex-different interrelationships of rs945270, cerebral gray matter volumes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a region-wide study across brain.

Pallidum GMV and the major allele C were also correlated but slightly short of significance (left: β = 0.004, p = 1.9 × 10 −3 ; and right: β = 0.003, p = 4.1 × 10 −3 ) in males.

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These four associations were only nominally significant ( α < p < 0.05) but also ranked at the top four in females (Table 1 ).

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In contrast, in female allele C carriers, BG GM enlarged modestly and exerted only a limited protective effect on ADHD risk, which explained why the allele C weakened BG GMV–ADHD associations significantly and why the change of the overall ADHD risk in allele C carriers did not reach statistical significance in females.

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