Is There an Optimal Combination of AREDS2 Antioxidants Zeaxanthin, Vitamin E and Vitamin C on Light-Induced Toxicity of Vitamin A Aldehyde to the Retina?

When cells supplemented with zeaxanthin and α-tocopherol were exposed to ATR liposomes with 80 μM α-tocopherol and different concentrations of zeaxanthin and ascorbate, there was a trend of increasing cell survival with increasing concentration of ascorbate up to the concentration of 0.5 mM, but it did not reach statistical significance for any concentration of zeaxanthin ( Figure 9 D).

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When the treatments in the presence and absence of ascorbate were compared, the addition of ascorbate at concentrations up to 0.5 mM showed a trend of increasing cell survival, but these increases were not statistically different to those in the absence of ascorbate for any concentration of zeaxanthin and 80 μM α-tocopherol ( Figure 9 A).

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