Choline Supplementation Modifies the Effects of Developmental Alcohol Exposure on Immune Responses in Adult Rats.

Nutrients · 2022 · PMC9316525 · PMID 35889826

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failed to reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although the effects of choline failed to reach statistical significance, it is notable that levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in ethanol-exposed subjects treated with choline did not differ from that of either control group.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although the interaction of ethanol and choline did not reach statistical significance, ethanol-exposed subjects that received choline supplementation had greater increases in IL-5 after LPS exposure compared to ethanol-exposed subjects that did not receive choline ( p < 0.01).

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