Study on the interaction between different pathogens of Hand, foot and mouth disease in five regions of China.

Front Public Health · 2022 · PMC9552780 · PMID 36238254

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a clear trendno p-value reported

The composition of EV-A71 showed a clear trend over time.

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a significant trendno p-value reported

In this study, a significant trend in the composition ratio of different pathogens over time was observed in all the five study areas.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The study showed that the predominant pathogen causing the occurrence of severe cases of HFMD in China was overall dominated by EV-A71, but after 2013 and 2015 the percentage of EV-A71 showed a decreasing trend, and in 2018 other enteroviruses became the dominant pathogen ( 36 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.