The four pillars of HFrEF therapy: is it time to treat heart failure regardless of ejection fraction?

Eur Heart J Suppl · 2022 · PMC9762881 · PMID 36545228

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nominally significantno p-value reported

15 There was no difference in cardiovascular death between those randomized to spironolactone or placebo; however, there was a nominally significant 17% reduction in the risk of hospitalization for HF favouring spironolactone.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Death from any-cause was reduced by 12% but this result did not reach statistical significance.

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