Excerpts

Background In recent years, the incidence and mortality of injury have shown an increasing trend internationally.

Results While the HIV/AIDS incidence had an increasing trend in Colombia, the AIDS mortality rate was stable.

The mortality rate had a decreasing trend in the 0–14 and 15–44 groups.

Health behaviours, whilst important risk factors for oral disease [ 8 ], are less likely to be significant in our model.

This issue is particularly relevant in some Asian countries where universal health coverage does not yet exist, or there may be significant gaps between the cost of health services and the government funded component and the cost of health care may be high relative to incomes [ 46 , 47 ].

Lastly, while the difference in missingness of covariates just misses statistical significance at the 5% level, it suggest that the analysis likely provides conservative estimates of the relationship between FP network and contraceptive use because the men without a FP network who were not included in some of the analyses may have been more difficult to engage with the survey and thus had missing data and biased the results towards the null.

Similarly, the results for dairy products approached significance with an adjusted OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.46, 1.01).

The variance in the linear (823.691, p < .001) and quadratic (40.476, p < .001) growth factors were highly significant, indicating significant inter-individual differences in the rate of change.

All p -values were < 0.001 unless stated otherwise. Obese participants were less likely to self-perceive as ‘too large’ if they were followed up more recently (OR for accurate perception 0.979 per year) or if they were older (OR 1.01 per year) or male (OR 0.326.) There was also a clear trend of increasing accuracy in weight perception across income categories: obese people earning below the poverty line had an OR of 0.608 for detection, while the next categories had ORs of 0.734, 1 (reference), 1.31, 2.21, and 1.83 (all pairwise p -values ≤0.05.) All ethnic groups were at higher risk of misperception than was the European-American reference group: odds ratios were 0.356, 0.730, and 0.791 (pairwise p > 0.10) for African-American, Hispanic, and ‘other race’ respectively.

Multiple studies have suggested an increasing trend in opioid prescribing over the recent years [ 21 , 22 ], but little is known about the actual opioid administration among older adults [ 7 , 19 , 23 ].

Few studies have used a GPS approach to combine greenspace exposure with objective PA in adults, but all have found some indication of a positive trend with PA.

5 b, where Rajshahi are the districts with prevalence increasing during all the survey years, and many districts in the middle-north show an increasing trend from 2007 to 2011 then become stable from 2011 to 2014.

Only very few districts show a decreasing trend.

In the unadjusted analysis, data show that earning five or more dollars per day was not significantly associated with betting (Unadjusted risk ratio or uRR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44–1.01), although marginally significant.

The incidence of mumps in 2018 peaked from April to June but showed a decreasing trend after June due to the reduction of students’ contact during the summer vacation.

Finally, there was a significant inverse relationship with the covariate year of treatment initiation showing a decreasing trend in the prevalence of both outcomes over time.

Further, the interaction model for ECEs’ knowledge of the total PA guideline for preschoolers approached significance when compared to the main effects model.

The significant or highly significant level was set when |Z| > 1.96 or |Z| > 2.58.

A decreasing trend was observed in relation to mask use at three time points for both: the general public and females.

Sixteen occupations associated with the lowest ratio of heavy drinkers demonstrated a trend with duration of employment, the majority ( n = 11) showing a positive trend; i.e. greater time employed in these occupations was associated with increasing rates of lower heavy drinking (Table S 3 ).

demonstrated that the incidence rate of congenital heart disease (CHD) remained stable from 1990 to 2017 at the global level, whilst a decreasing trend was mainly found in Central or South America and Africa.

Nonetheless, there is an urgent need for more efforts to improve the survival rate of patients and lower the burden of this disease in some areas with an increasing trend of either incidence or mortality.

There is clear and growing evidence linking the indiscriminate use of antibiotics within small- and large-scale agriculture to the development of antibiotic resistant microbes [ 67 – 69 ], and there is an increasing trend in the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and prophylaxis in commercial agriculture across LMICs.

Results Spatiotemporal trends in anxiety Anxiety in China fluctuated, but it followed an increasing trend overall.

Conclusion Although there appears to be an increasing trend towards early diagnosis, persons with RHI remain a minority in Singapore.