Excerpts

All nine indices showed highly significant treatment effects in 2023 and 2024 (p< 0.001), while seven remained significant in 2025 (p< 0.001).

Responses of net primary productivity and relative growth rate to different grazing intensities in a herbaceous marsh wetland Grazing intensity exerted a highly significant effect on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) (F 2,42 = 27.21, P < 0.001) ( Figure 4A ).

Phenotypic relationships between traits Highly significant relationships ( P< 0.001) were identified between the quantitative traits ( Figure 1 ).

The inhibitory effect on dry weight for drought is highly significant ( p <0.001), indicating that 20% polyethylene glycol is suitable as a screening condition for drought-adapted germplasms in this experiment.

(1) ANOVA revealed highly significant differences in germination rates among treatments (p < 0.001).

The niche width for both bacterial and fungal communities exhibited a decreasing trend from the cultivation medium to the endosphere of D. huoshanense ( p < 0.001, Figures 2C, D ). 3.2.

C showed a highly significant positive correlation with the C:N ratio (P < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation with the C:P ratio (P < 0.05).

There was a highly significant difference in cell length between the developmental phases ( X 2 = 234.44; d.f. 2; p < 0.001), which a posthoc Dunn test indicated was significant between each developmental phase (p < 0.001).

The Wald test for fixed effects identified that genotypic variation was highly significant (p-value <0.001) for stem color, stem fill, and winter injury, but not for winter standability ( Supplementary Table 2 ).

Ecological functions in relation to plant diversity As shown in Figure 4 , among the taxonomic diversity, Margalef index had highly significant negative correlations with both NO 3 – –N and URE ( p <0.001) and significant positive correlations with NP ( p <0.05).

Straw return and P application had significant ( P < 0.01) or highly significant ( P < 0.001) effects on the total P (TP) content in each soil layer at each stage, and significant effects on the Olsen-P (OP) content in S1 soil layer ( P < 0.05), however, the OP content in S2 soil layer was only affected by the application of P application ( Figures 6 , 7 ).

Akaike information criterion (AIC) values of segmented regression models for all three factors were significantly lower than those of linear models, and likelihood ratio tests were highly significant ( Supplementary Table 5 , P < 0.001).

Highly significant main effects of PGR type (df = 2, Wald χ2 = 20538.041, P < 0.001; df = 2, Wald χ2 = 75.219, P < 0.001; df = 2, Wald χ2 = 1961.779, P < 0.001) and PGR concentration (df = 3, Wald χ2 = 7854.678, P < 0.001; df = 3, Wald χ2 = 186.271, P < 0.001; df = 3, Wald χ2 = 1570.579, P < 0.001) were detected for callus induction rates.

Internode length was the most strongly differentiated trait, showing highly significant differences at both canopy strata (p < 0.001 for middle and lower internodes; Supplementary Table 2 ), and ordering across strata.

For alpha diversity, highly significant differences were detected at 10 m, 20 m, and 50 m ( p < 0.001), with the largest χ2 values observed at 10 m and smaller values at broader spatial scales ( Supplementary Tables 2 , S3 ).

The Margalef richness index showed a trend similar to the Shannon-Wiener index (F 2,42 = 42.13, P < 0.001), with the highest species richness observed in MG, followed by HG, while NG had the lowest species richness ( Figure 3C ).

This influence was highly significant ( p < 0.001) in the August drought period, while the TWD influence in the June drought period was slightly above the significance level ( p = 0.058).

All F ST were highly significant (P < 0.001) based on permutation test.

3.2.2 Grain yield The factorial ANOVA revealed that nitrogen availability was the dominant factor influencing quinoa grain yield, with a highly significant main effect (P < 0.001; Supplementary Table 2 ).

The analysis revealed a strong positive co-expression correlation between the two genes, with R = 0.95 and a highly significant p-value (p<0.001), the raw data are presented in Supplementary Table 5 .

Although marginally significant ( p = 0.001), the height of transgenic plants was only 8% lower than that of Columbia compared to ∼40% reduction seen in 3KO plants (Figure 1 E).

For the cellular component, GO terms such as cell periphery (GO:0071944), cell cortex (GO:0005938), exocyst (GO:0000145), and vesicle tethering complex (GO:0099023) were identified as highly significant, with a P -value of < 0.001 ( Table 5 ; Figure 8 ). 4.

Highly significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed for all traits at Bunda location (peduncle length, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight, and grain yield).

A similar trend was observed between ML and CL, with a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), reflecting the close association between these parameters at this depth.

The results showed no significant main effect of the CO 2 treatment (F(1, 538) = .49, p = .484), but a highly significant main effect of the three different growth periods (F(2, 538) = 364.89, p <.001) and a highly significant interaction effect between CO 2 and the growing period (F(2, 538) = 29.32, p <.001).