Excerpts

We found more than 60 marker-trait associations (MTAs), including a highly significant SNP associated with nut face diameter, nut volume and kernel volume on chromosome 14, and 5 additional associations were detected for walnut weight.

Although ammonium nitrate-based fertilization exerted here an overall trend for yield gain in oilseed rape, this effect could not be broken down to consistent effects of the given N form on N-related efficiency parameters, since the impact of seasonal variations appeared too strong.

Taken together, ANOVA indicated a highly significant effect of the genotype on seed yield and NUE in either year, although this could not be broken down to the level of consistent responses of individual cultivars to the fertilized N form.

schmidtiana ( F ST = 0.632; Supplementary Table 3 ), while highly significant for all ( P = ∼0.0).

GW and DZ showed an extremely significant difference in the three indicators and different environments.

The correlations of TOL and SSI with Ys were negative and highly significant.

An increase in the yield per grapevine was observed in both seasons with a highly significant increase in yield per grapevine in 100% ET c treatment.

Results Effect of N Levels and Intercropping on Wheat Disease Development Powdery Mildew Disease Development In the 2-year experiment, it was found that the incidence and disease index of powdery mildew in monocropped and intercropped wheat displayed an increasing trend as the levels of N increased ( Figure 2 and Table 2 ).

Both TPC and TFC in group Q showed a decreasing trend compared to the control after chilling treatment, with the lowest values at 36 and 48 h, respectively ( Figures 2A , B ).

In general, most phenolic compounds showed confusing trends in the two groups; whereas the total content of phenolic compounds exhibited a significant trend after chilling treatment.

Mrva and Mares (2001b) reported the first QTL to be associated with variation in LMA phenotype in a Cranbrook (LMA-susceptible) x Halberd (LMA-resistant) doubled haploid population; a highly significant locus on the long arm of chromosome 7B and a minor locus on 3B.

Between nine and 13 highly significant markers were found to be associated with yield, seed weight, plant height, and maturity among the markers evaluated in advanced and preliminary genotypes screened in field trials.

ANOVA for all morphological ( Table 11 ) and physiological parameters explained in Table 12 indicated that shoot length, fresh and dry weights, and physiological parameters were highly significant except root length, which was non-significant under salt stress and non-stress conditions.

For concise description, each molecule of vitamin C converted DCIP molecule into DCIPH 2 molecule, and this reaction was examined as a decreasing trend in absorbance at 520 nm was observed.

On the other hand, ion leakage in mutant ( saur32 ) plants increased after drought stress, and a highly significant leakage was observed at 7 and 15 dpi in saur32 plants, which were > 10 and 26% higher than in WT plants, respectively ( Figure 2F ).

In summary, prediction accuracies for these data sets of high heritability are strong and the observed highly significant phenotypic correlations between trials are also represented by the genetic modeling across trials.

We found a positive trend in chromosome length and the SSR abundance as marker density enhanced with a shorter chromosome length.

Besides the terms described above, a further 63 GO terms were not detected in all three genotypes but had highly significant p -values (10% most significant p -values within the 5% FDR) in at least one of the genotypes ( Supplementary File 6 ).

Results showed that the Chl content within the upper leaves exhibited an increasing trend from the basal to the top portions but a decreasing pattern within the lower leaves at the most growth stages.

However a slight trend to lateness was seen in LD, but this was not significantly different from wild type R108 ( Figures 7B , C ).

Therefore, the root concentration gradually decreased from top to bottom in the soil, so soil enzyme activity also showed a decreasing trend (Zhang and Yu, 1989 ; Zhang and Chen, 1997 ; Wang, 2006 ).

These two micronutrients also had a positive and highly significant correlation with seed size (Gupta et al., 2009 ; Kanatti et al., 2014 ; Govindaraj et al., 2016 ).

In the present study, the correlation between FHB and DON was highly significant and in entire agreement with Chrpová et al.

Furthermore, a highly significant interaction G × N was observed, which gives scope to select accessions with higher fructose:glucose ratio under low N inputs for breeding purposes.

In particular, tetraploid females showed a trend to occupy habitats with a warmer climate, which was not the case for diploids.