Finally, we highlight as important findings the high effect sizes and the high improvement index (see Table 4 ), even in results statistically marginally significant [ 108 ]. 4.
In addition, there was an increasing trend in the absolute values of CUL coefficients between 1999 and 2005 and between 2005 and 2009, implying that the impact of urban expansion on ESH is becoming more pronounced. 4.
It is noteworthy that in low-middle elevation area (2000–3000 m), the temperature decreases as elevation increases, and the VFC may be affected by changes in temperature over the vertical gradient; the VFC is sensitive to temperature at this elevation segmentation and showed a trend of reduced as elevation increases, and this may also relate to human activities.