Osteoblasts cultivated on TiN coated material revealed a highly significant increased expression of ITG-β1 (2.22 ± 0.42; *** p = 0.0007) and ITG-α1 (2.36 ± 0.28; *** p = 4.37 × 10 −5 ).
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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirms that all fitted slopes are statistically highly significant ( p < 0.001 for all), robustly supporting the declining trend.
Additionally, one-way ANOVA revealed extremely significant differences in UCS among different mix ratio samples at each curing age ( p < 0.001), while repeated measures ANOVA confirmed a highly significant increase in UCS with curing time ( p < 0.001).
The extremely small p values (4.4 × 10 −8 and 6.3 × 10 −12 ) indicate that the slopes are highly significant ( p < 0.001), demonstrating that the observed wavelength shifts originate from real humidity-induced swelling rather than random noise.
An analysis of these prediction plots and the MLR coefficients in Table 9 reveals the following insights about the principal components: PC1 (Process Intensity Factor) had the largest, and highly significant ( p < 0.001) positive regression coefficient in all three models ( β PC1 : F x = 0.267, F y = 0.266, and F z = 0.218).
The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed a highly significant overall difference in gingival thickness between groups (χ 2 = 55.66, df = 3, p < 0.001).
The interaction is large and highly significant (F = 44.59, p < 0.001; Adj SS = 13.583 MPa 2 , ≈24.8%), confirming that the influence of T depends on the chosen layer height and vice versa.
The tests of between-subjects effects indicated that Factor A (face yarn type) had a highly significant influence on the thermal resistance of the garment ensemble (F(5,36) = 28.874, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.800), upper garment (F(5,36) = 23.768, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.768), and lower garment (F(5,36) = 20.668, p < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.742; see Supplementary Table S1 ).
Three p -value ranges were used to determine the differences between the values: p < 0.05 (statistically significant), p < 0.01 (highly significant) and p < 0.001 (very highly significant).
A highly significant L × W interaction was observed ( p < 0.001), indicating that the magnitude of the effect of wool content varies with fibre length (and vice versa).
In contrast, the compressive strength ( f u , c ) showed statistically significant main effects of both fibre treatment ( p = 0.009) and fibre content ( p < 0.001), together with a highly significant treatment × content interaction ( p < 0.001).
A coefficient of determination (R 2 ) close to 1 indicates an excellent linear fit of the experimental density–temperature data, and statistical analysis confirms that the slope is highly significant ( p < 0.001).
Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed highly significant differences among the experimental groups ( p < 0.001).
For the mean drop angle, there was a highly significant difference between brands (F(2,12) = 192.40, p < 0.001), with a large effect size (η 2 p = 0.97).
The analysis showed that mix proportion exerted a highly significant effect on all three mechanical properties ( p < 0.001).
The Sample factor had a highly significant effect on the dependent variable (F(6,126) = 352.97, p < 0.001), indicating that different samples influenced the results to a significant extent.
Welch’s ANOVA revealed a highly significant group effect at 135 min (F ≈ 520, p < 0.001), confirming that the release behavior differed among formulations.
Most notably, the TTH demonstrated a highly significant divergence between groups ( p < 0.001), with the S group demonstrating the shortest median TTH of 94 s (IQR: 86–98) compared to 256 s (IQR: 245–295) in the C group and 120 s (IQR: 78–131) in the T group, as presented in Table 10 and Figure 6 . 4.
As shown in Figure 3 a, the results exhibited a highly significant difference in wet shear strength between the SPI/POSS-U/SB-1.5 adhesive and the pristine SPI adhesive (*** p < 0.001).
The statistical analysis revealed a highly significant main effect for the species with F (2, 81) = 178.157 and p < 0.001, indicating that the dependent variable varied substantially across the different wood species.
Six of the seven main effects were highly significant with p -values < 0.001.
The ANOVA results reveal that the tool-axis orientation is the dominant factor affecting the bottom height deviation (Δ h ), with a highly significant p -value ( p = 0.001).
Below this threshold, at 90 °C, one-way ANOVA showed a highly significant stiffening effect ( p < 0.001): solid wax crystals act as reinforcing fillers.
The difference was highly significant (n = 6, p < 0.001). 3.1.2.
Among the linear terms, feed rate is identified as the dominant factor affecting surface roughness, accounting for 59.00% of the total variation and showing a highly significant p -value ( p < 0.001).