Excerpts

This conclusion was based on the comparison of average values obtained from the tested specimens, with a clear trend of improved wettability at higher temperatures.

A clear trend is evident in Table 4 : as pulse energy is increased, both inlet and outlet diameters of the micro-holes are enlarged, with the enlargement more pronounced at the outlet.

With regard to the alkali treatment, as shown in Figure 4 a, the bending strength of the polymer-rich anchoring adhesives exhibited a decreasing trend as the treatment duration increased.

A statistical analysis of the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of α-Al, derived from 150 measurements per sample and shown in the inset of Figure 3 , reveals a decreasing trend in SDAS with increasing Ni-CNT addition.

Thereby, the Vickers hardness of glass-ceramics also showed an increasing trend.

After exceeding the yield stress, the value of the true stress in the specimen still presented an increasing trend with an increase in the true strain.

This difference may be significant in promoting the phase transformation into the metastable ferroelectric phase [ 35 ].

While slight changes in these parameters were observed after abrasion, they were generally insignificant and did not follow a clear trend across fabric variants.

Given the ongoing implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy, it is highly significant to utilize new materials and technologies to enhance the quality of rural housing construction and improve indoor thermal environments in village dwellings, thereby enhancing the living comfort among rural residents.

The experimental results, presented in Figure 8 , indicate a clear trend of increasing iron precipitation efficiency with rising temperature.

cumulative gold grade shows an increasing trend, and also an increasing trend for head grade vs. cumulative gold grade.

The PSO rate constants showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature (from 5.27 × 10 −5 to 4.03 × 10 −5 g mg −1 min −1 ), likely due to changes in the XDA-1G resin–adsorbate interaction dynamics under thermal conditions.

Both SBS- and SBS-T-modified asphalts exhibit a decreasing trend in absolute spalling work with increasing dosage, suggesting that higher modifier content enhances moisture damage resistance.

(3) As the aggregate size increases, the compressive and flexural strengths of the 3D printed ferronickel slag–GGBFS concrete show an increasing trend, indicating that larger aggregate size contributes to improved overall structural load-bearing capacity.

As the average aggregate size increased, the flowability of the 3D printed ferronickel slag–GGBFS concrete exhibited a clear upward trend, while the slump showed a decreasing trend.

When the Cr content increases to 0.15 wt.% ( Figure 1 b), the steel exhibits a decreasing trend of oxidation weight gain in comparison with the Cr0.015 case; for example, an oxidation weight gain of 0.39 mg/mm 2 at 950 °C is achieved (0.48 mg/mm 2 for Cr0.015 steel).

Microstructural analysis showed a decreasing trend in δ-ferrite quantity, with its morphology transforming from vermicular to rod-shaped and spherical.

Nevertheless, the results indicate a clear trend: strain increases with shorter pulse durations t d and longer pulse periods t p .

The random nature of imperfections and the unevenness of magnitudes observed in the different columns causes the results to not follow a pronounced trend. 5.

As Ac increased, the peak stress exhibited an overall trend of first increasing by 5.14%, followed by a decrease of 3.8%.

As the axial ratio increases, the slope of the stress–strain curve becomes steeper, while the peak stress exhibits a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 24 , the threshold number of pulses exhibits an overall trend where it first decreases and then increases as the beam expansion ratio grows.

The spatial superposition of rust expansion stresses from adjacent bars diminishes the stress concentration factor in the concrete matrix, resulting in a decreasing trend in the surface crack width with an increasing reinforcement ratio.

Compressive strength also shows a decreasing trend with increasing time intervals between successive printed layers ( Figure 16 and Supplementary Materials Tables S4–S6 ).

Consequently, the mass change rate remains positive but exhibits a decreasing trend.