Excerpts

The modification with CaCl 2 showed much greater sorption capacity at 25 °C than when it was modified with Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , although this difference was smaller at 100 °C and almost insignificant at higher temperatures ( Figure 5 ).

In detail, the humins synthesized in water (F1–F3) showed a clear trend that combined yield and, therefore, conversion increases with decreasing pk a .

The use of 10% and 20%, by weight, of FA leads to a decreasing trend in the order of 37.5% and 50%, respectively, when compared to RM.

The catalytic mechanism involving the formate pathway or carboxyl pathway over In 2 O 3 was comprehensively explored by kinetic studies, in situ and ex situ characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, mostly demonstrating that the formate pathway was extremely significant for methanol production.

The effect of cohesiveness on the dynamic angle of repose was significant, but a clear trend with an increase in cohesiveness could not be identified.

As the dimensions of resonant ring are regarded as highly significant parameters in the whole SPLCRR, it is essential to evaluate its effect on the bandgap behaviors of SPLCRR.

Note that, even though there is some uncertainty in the results as is usual in composites, there is a clear trend on the cutback of the bearing strength as the damage extension is larger.

As shown in Figure 12 a, the mass of all mixtures slightly increased in the first 60 cycles and gradually decreased in the remaining 90 cycles, indicating that the mass loss ratio showed a trend of first negative growth and then positive growth.

As the TiO 2 content in the slag increases, the viscosity exhibits a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 12 , under the influence of the interweaving of ameliorants and structural ameliorants, soil pore distribution characteristics showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend.

It was found that the soil infiltration rate showed a decreasing trend.

After the T4 treatment, the solid solution amount of Cu in the matrix showed a trend of first increasing and then remaining stable.

Compared to the as-rolled Mg/Al sheet, the ultimate tensile strength of the annealed Mg/Al sheet is greatly reduced and the elongation shows a decreasing trend.

In previous studies, a clear trend was identified where the compressive strength and tensile strength decrease and chloride penetration increases with increasing number of recycling, which is consistent with the results of the C-100 and E-100 concretes in this study.

On the contrary, the E-50 concrete did not exhibit a decreasing trend with the number of recycling, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the EMV method combined with a certain range of RCA replacement ratio.

When the dosage of biochar exceeded 5 wt%, the compressive strength of biochar concrete began to show a decreasing trend but remained higher than CK.

As the working voltage increases, the surface quality and comprehensive performance of the coating show an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend.

It can be found that with the increase in the axial cutting depth, the range of milling temperature change is small and accompanied by a decreasing trend.

When analysing the fatigue behaviour of cellular structures made of aluminium alloy AA 5083-H111, the effect of rolling direction on the fatigue life may be significant, especially in the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) area.

Moreover, Figure 4 a shows a decreasing trend of the viscosity with increasing particle size, which has been reported by Liu et al.

In brief, the corrosion current density generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, which means the corrosion was initially enhanced and then weakened. 3.3.6.

Meanwhile, there was a slight trend of increased weight loss of steel sheets in the blank medium, mainly due to electrochemical corrosion.

It could be seen from Figure 8 b that with the extension of the curing time, the saturation index of the OPC/CSA cement blends showed a decreasing trend, illustrating that the expansion characteristics of CSA cement mainly occurred early in the curing period.

As the strain increases, the recrystallized grains gradually decrease, while the substructured grains show an increasing trend, which is partially consistent with the GB evolution discussed above.

With the increasing strain, dislocation interaction with grain boundaries leads to a decreasing trend of twin boundaries.