Excerpts

A post hoc analysis suggested a causal relationship between dietary sodium and kidney growth and showed a trend toward an association between lower salt intake and a slower rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [ 12 ].

While our recent study showed a trend toward lower NAFLD prevalence in rural areas compared with urban settings (23.7% (95% CI: 15.5–31.8) vs. 32.4% (95% CI: 28.6–36.1)), the difference did not reach statistical significance [ 10 ].

The concentration of antibiotics detected in each age group was 290, 40, 480, and 910 ng/mL, respectively, with the highest concentration of 910 ng/mL in the 66–75 years age group, which showed an increasing trend with age from 46 to 75 years.

The total antibiotic detection rate was higher in the population with low education than in the population with high education, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing education level (detection rate: 57.0%, 51.7%, 41.8%, 39.0%).

Considering the impact of diet on the risk of diet-related diseases [ 1 ], there has been a clear trend in the last decade related to adopting healthier lifestyles, focusing on healthy eating, and leading an active lifestyle [ 2 ].

Association between UPF Consumption and Psychosocial Functioning Total UPF consumption showed a trend towards a positive association with the total score of the Y-PSC, and a significant positive association with depressive symptoms and internalizing and externalizing problems ( Figure 3 , Table 3 ).

Even the recent (and most thorough) systematic review and meta-analysis that demonstrated a significant positive association between iron supplementation in pregnancy and GDM risk [ 43 ] did so with highly significant heterogeneity.

There was a highly significant reduction in LDL cholesterol linked to the vegan diet; total or LDL cholesterol was unaffected by dietary approach.

These results across all papers show that there is an overall trend of a greater reduction in mean systolic blood pressure in participants following a VLCD compared to those following non-dietary therapies.

However, the association between higher BASDAI score and lower omega-3 PUFA consumption was close to significance.

Overall, a notable trend was that between 1974 and 1991, few studies investigating diet and MS were published, with no more than two articles found from the Web of Science database every year.

In one of these studies, conducted in a small sample of 10 children with obesity and 13 children with normal weight, a positive trend was observed only among children with obesity [ 64 ].

Physical activity behavior (B = −2.30, SE = 1.25, p = 0.07) was also a marginally significant predictor of 12-month weight loss.

Stress management behavior scores at baseline were associated with engagement at 12 months with marginal significance.

The study showed a trend towards a slower decline of fasting C-peptide (marker of the endogen insulin secretion), and significantly lower insulin dose requirements after 12 months in the cholecalciferol supplemented new onsets than in a placebo group.

The results of LDH detection showed a trend of increase after decrease with the increasing of the concentrations of emodin exposure, and the further ANOVA analysis indicated that the LDH values of 50 μM and 100 μM emodin exposure were significantly higher than that of 25 μM emodin exposure ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 6 c).

The full BKMR model, concurrently containing 13 nutrients with diverse inflammatory potential, revealed that the continuous markers of ESCC had an increasing trend even though there was no statistical difference when all nutrients were at their 60th and above percentile compared with the median level ( Figure 3 A).

A type I error of 0.05 was used for all analyses, with p -values between 0.05 and 0.10 being considered to indicate borderline significance.

reported an increasing trend of fat consumption in Thailand during 1960–1995 [ 25 ].

The age of obesity onset is an important factor to consider for children and adolescents where there may be significant impacts on the child’s long-term health.

Throughout last years, there has been observed a clear trend toward obesity burden [ 4 , 5 ].

In multivariable models ( Table 2 ), early pregnancy BMI was positively associated with higher risk of offspring asthma, with an increasing trend across BMI categories (BMI 22.5–24.9: odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.35; BMI 25–29.9: OR 1.21, CI 1.05–1.39; BMI ≥ 30: OR 1.29, CI 1.12–1.50; p -trend < 0.001).

Marginally significant differences are mentioned at p < 0.1. 3.

The cells cultured in the high concentration of HHE showed an increasing trend from 0.125 h to 0.5 h after the addition to the growth media.

There was an interesting trend in both groups of patients connected with increased intake, mainly of energy and protein.