Excerpts

The main effects of water supply (W) and genotype (G) on cane yield were highly significant ( p < 0.01).

Additionally, a highly significant negative correlation is observed between plant height and the root-to-shoot ratio ( p < 0.01).

(2) N 2 O Emission Flux The nitrogen application rate had a highly significant effect on the N 2 O emission flux in the wolfberry field ( p < 0.01, Figure 4 ).

Potassium (K) had a positive correlation with proline (%Pro) (r = 0.64, p < 0.05) and a highly significant positive correlation with superoxide dismutase (%SOD) (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). pH was negatively correlated with %Pro (r = −0.64, p < 0.05).

Analysis of Variance (Augmented Block Design) Analysis of variance based on the augmented block design ( Table 3 ) revealed highly significant block effects for all traits ( p < 0.01), confirming that the four blocks effectively accounted for spatial heterogeneity.

In contrast, SMC in the salt-stressed groups increased progressively compared with the control, showing significant differences from day 12 ( p < 0.05) and highly significant differences from day 26 ( p < 0.01).

There were also significant ( p < 0.05, same below) or highly significant ( p < 0.01, same below) differences in the four aboveground indices between the three provenances; seedlings of BS provenance had the highest plant height and stem diameter values at the ground level (73.79 cm and 6.63 mm), while BB provenance seedlings had most sprouts and leaves (2.67 and 18.57).

Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) among genotypes for all six agronomic traits evaluated, confirming substantial genetic variability with grain yield exhibiting the widest variation (CV = 28.55%), ranging from 0.25 to 125.56 g/plant.

chinense identified 406 pairs of variables, among which 284 pairs showed highly significant correlations ( p < 0.01) and 347 pairs revealed significant correlations ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 5 ), indicating extensive interactions among fruit quality traits.

Effects of Organic Fertilization on System Productivity Organic fertilization practices had a highly significant effect on maize equivalent yield (MEY) across the rotation system ( Figure 1 a; p < 0.01).

In the CK, all the parameter pairs showed highly significant correlations ( p < 0.01), except for the relationship between H g and H d , which was not significant ( p > 0.05).

Both irrigation and nitrogen application had a highly significant ( p < 0.01) effect on the total water consumption of eggplants, and their interaction also reached a significant ( p < 0.05) level.

Additionally, the analysis of variance results ( Table 1 ) showed that both the aeration ratio and nitrogen topdressing level exhibited highly significant ( p < 0.01) effects on tomato root vigor at the flowering stage and fruit expanding stage.

Highly significant ( p < 0.01) differences among genotypes were observed for all traits ( Table 1 ).

When the p -value was below 0.05, the variances were considered significant (*), and highly significant differences were denoted when p < 0.01 (**). 5.

The grain weights of SGs and IGs showed a positive linear correlation with the yield and 1000-grain weight, with the correlations attaining highly significant levels ( p < 0.01; Figure 2 B).

Notably, the genotype × light × growth phase interaction was highly significant ( p < 0.01) for all morphological traits.

Response surface modeling demonstrated a highly significant regression ( p < 0.01; R 2 = 0.9941; Table 1 and Table 2 ), with selenium concentration exerting the strongest influence on particle size.

The interaction between Phosphorus Supply and Neighbor relatedness (A × B) had a highly significant effect on whole-plant and stem phosphorus contents ( p < 0.01) ( Table 1 ). 2.5.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) The analysis of variance for all measured traits revealed highly significant genotypic (G) and Genotype × environment (G × T) variations ( p ≤ 0.01), indicating substantial genetic variability among the tested wheat genotypes ( Table 2 ).

Activity of PAL A highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) increase in PAL activity was observed in all evaluated wheat lines/cultivars ( Taa Sumai 3/R, Tas 581/R, Taa 307/S, and Tas 587/S) after inoculation with F. culmorum to non-inoculated plants ( Figure 3 ).

There were highly significant negative correlations ( p < 0.01, Figure 5 , Supplementary Table S2 ) between the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (NPQ) and leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf area (LA), and leaf thickness (LT).

Specifically, soil CPMI had a highly significant ( p < 0.01) positive correlation with wheat yield, grain and straw nitrogen uptake, cumulative nitrogen use efficiency, protein content, grain sedimentation value, and soil DOC and ROC.

Relationship Between Yield and N, P, and K Accumulation and Utilization in Dryland Wheat As shown in Figure 4 , wheat yield showed highly significant positive correlations ( p < 0.01) with N, P, and K accumulation, as well as with multiple nutrient efficiency indices.

Highly significant positive correlations ( p ≤ 0.01) were found between the following trait pairs: DBH and GD; DBH and RL; RL and LN; RL and LW; LL and LW; LL and LWR; LL and LA; and LW and LA.