Effect of Single Doses of Gamma Radiation Highly significant interaction effects ( p < 0.01) were recorded between genotype and gamma radiation dosage on seedling emergence percentage and survival percentage ( Table 1 ).
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Results Effect of Cultivar, Mesos Concentration, and Subcultivation on Shoot Number and Length in Studied Cultivars Analyses of variance proved a significant and highly significant effect ( p < 0.01) of most of the tested factors (cultivar, mesos concentration, subcultivation) and their interactions on the shoot number and length in each species studied ( Table 1 and Table 2 ).
The ANOVA results displayed that the difference between RILs for both populations was highly significant for all three traits ( p < 0.01) ( Supplementary Table S3 ).
Activity of PAL A highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) increase in PAL activity was observed in all evaluated wheat lines/cultivars ( Taa Sumai 3/R, Tas 581/R, Taa 307/S, and Tas 587/S) after inoculation with F. culmorum to non-inoculated plants ( Figure 3 ).
Out of the 11 conventional descriptors used, highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) were found among the means of the individuals for seven traits including Nodal Anthocyanin, Leaf Shape and Leaf Pubescence, and flower descriptors.
The results of combined analysis of variance ( Table 3 ) indicated highly significant ( p -value ≤ 0.01) differences among the three environments for traits such as number of days to flowering, plant height, number of grains/spike, grain yield, and leaf area.
Effects of Different N Levels and Green Manure Mixed Cropping Patterns on Wheat Yield Linear mixed-effects model (LMM) analysis of the two-year split-plot data revealed that N level had a highly significant main effect on wheat yield ( p < 0.01), as did green manure pattern ( p < 0.01), and their two-way interaction was also significant ( p < 0.01).
Rhizome terminal segment (RT) branching exhibited highly significant Grade III differences ( p < 0.01; Figure 13 a).
The nitrogen (N) applications had highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) one-way effects on the main stem height, first branch length, shoot dry mass, and LAI at the flowering–pegging, pod-setting, and pod-filling stages, and had a one-way effect ( p ≤ 0.05) on the number of branches at the needle stage of flowering–pegging.
Two-way ANOVA further indicated that the interaction between stubble height and cutting density exerted highly significant effects on leaf and soil C, N, and P contents as well as their stoichiometric ratios ( p < 0.01), and was more influential than either factor alone.
A comparison of soil metal distributions between GC and WC systems showed that Cd concentrations had no significant change between cultivation systems ( p > 0.05), while Pb showed highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) across the two cultivation systems due to anthropogenic input.
Analysis of variance revealed that the effect of treatment (T) was highly significant ( p < 0.01) across all sampling days in both 2021 and 2022.
NT, NR and NR×NT had highly significant effects on LAI during the two growing seasons of winter wheat ( p < 0.01) ( Table 2 ), except for that NT and NR × NT had no significant effects at the regreening stage ( p > 0.05). 3.2.
Laboratory and Field Statistical Analysis Upon verifying the ANOVA results ( Table 1 ), it was observed that under field conditions, the factors evaluated (biopesticide, concentration and evaluation) showed highly significant triple interactions ( p < 0.01), which indicates that there is a variable effect when combining the five biopesticides at the four concentrations evaluated during a period of four weeks under field conditions.
Highly significant ( p < 0.01) differences among genotypes were observed for all traits ( Table 1 ).
In the CK, all the parameter pairs showed highly significant correlations ( p < 0.01), except for the relationship between H g and H d , which was not significant ( p > 0.05).
In contrast, the Cd contents were positively correlated with the FFA content ( p < 0.05), and showed a highly significant positive correlation with SP, Pro, O 2 ·− , H 2 O 2 contents, and POD and SOD activities ( p < 0.01).
Variety, area, and their interaction all exerted highly significant effects on PC ( p < 0.01).
(2) N 2 O Emission Flux The nitrogen application rate had a highly significant effect on the N 2 O emission flux in the wolfberry field ( p < 0.01, Figure 4 ).
Similarly, POX had a moderately significant ( p ≤ 0.01) correlation with tuber yield under salt stress; however, no association was observed under control conditions.
A chi-square test of independence χ 2 − t e s t indicated that the frequencies of the three superior haplotypes showed a significant upward trend from wild soybeans to improved cultivars, with significant or extremely significant differences in distribution among populations P r o 2 : χ 2 = 10.8762 , p < 0.01 ; C D S 1 : χ 2 = 16.8923 , p < 0.001 ; H a p 1 : χ 2 = 14.9524 , p < 0.001 .
The leaf sampling area strongly influenced stomata width and had a highly significant effect ( p < 0.01) on stomata length values.
In the case of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity ( Figure 1 B), all the SA-treated groups, excluding 1 mM (T4), showed a highly significant difference compared to T0 and CK over the 8-day period ( p < 0.01).
Additionally, the limonin contents in the fruits during the four periods reached an extremely significant level of difference ( p < 0.01). 2.2.
Notably, the genotype × light × growth phase interaction was highly significant ( p < 0.01) for all morphological traits.