Excerpts

Ci showed an increasing trend from 0 to 28 days after anthesis, with a rapid increase from 0 to 14 days after anthesis and a slow increase from 14 to 28 days after anthesis.

Increasing planting density led to an increase in leaf area index (LAI), which showed a decreasing trend during the grain-filling stage, with consistent changes in both years ( Figure 2 ).

With increasing planting density, both DM Pre and DM Post showed a trend of increase followed by decrease, with both reaching their peak values under M2 treatment.

Compared to the F 1 generation, the F 2 generation exhibited an increasing trend in PCV, GCV, and h 2 for PP.

Comparison of Growth Traits Between F 1 and F 2 Generations Highly significant differences were observed among the seven families in the F 1 generation and among the 10 families in the F 2 generation ( Table 1 ).

At the heading stage, the contents of photosynthetic pigments (including chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoids) in the flag leaves of the cde6 mutant showed extremely significant differences compared with the wild-type control ( Figure 2 A).

Chemical control demonstrated a substantial positive effect on yield, with a pooled SMD of 1.301 (95% CI: 0.867 to 1.735, Z = 5.88, p < 0.0001), indicating highly significant yield improvements in treated plots compared to controls.

Statistical results for leaf temperature displayed highly significant differences under red light treatment and high VPD (29.5 °C), while the lowest was recorded under blue light treatment with low VPD (23.3 °C) ( Figure 3 d).

Potatoes are the most widely consumed vegetable in the country, and their consumption has shown a positive trend over the years [ 2 ].

Statistical analysis confirmed these differences, with highly significant reductions in OD values observed for RY21 and RY25 compared to NT.

ANOVA revealed highly significant differences among families for growth traits from 2016 onward and for leaf color in 2024.

Meanwhile, initial fluorescence F 0 ( Figure 4 E) also showed an increasing trend with higher sethoxydim concentration. 3.5.

Meanwhile, the activities and related gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) all showed a decreasing trend.

Kernel color, a critical indicator of commercial quality and a primary factor influencing consumer preference, has been established to have a highly significant positive correlation with carotenoid content [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].

In the stems, the polyphenol content was lower than that in the leaves and showed a decreasing trend after the early cultivation stage.

Overall, there was a clear trend of increasing yield per plant across harvest ages ( Figure 5 ).

Meanwhile, belowground dry matter increased by 56.7%, 61.1%, and 72.5% at heading–flowering and by 29.1%, 39.2%, and 43.4% at maturity, showing an increasing trend with longer induction periods.

Spatially, we found that after the construction of the WFZ and CJY, and after the first and second elevation increases in the DJK, the average growing season NDVI of the riparian vegetation in this basin all showed an increasing trend ( Figure 3 ).

The areas where the NDVI showed a decreasing trend were mainly distributed in the north of this region after the construction of the CJY ( Figure 4 e,f).

In contrast, XY335 showed an increasing trend and was significantly higher than KH8, indicating less inhibition of PSII potential activity.

Although some pathways showed marginal significance in adjusted p -value (Padjust), the number of genes involved in each pathway was small (mostly 1–8 genes) with low enrichment factors.

radians showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with the maximum values observed at 12 d of commensal germination.

The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in BFD treatment increased by 39.5%, 40.2%, and 46.8%, respectively, and total potassium showed an increasing trend but was not significantly different from the control.

Habitat and canopy position each had highly significant effects on all eight traits, and—except for PD and LA—the main effect of habitat was the largest ( Table 2 ).

LSI showed a decreasing trend from the upper to the lower canopy, while SLA varied little among canopy positions.