“a decreasing trend”

On day 6, the effect of DBPs generated by the four disinfection methods on chlorophyll a was consistent with their growth inhibition patterns, showing a decreasing trend with increasing concentration of CIP and its DBPs.

Left Plot: 30th percentile of Age (mid-age group) Effect Estimates: The effect estimates show a decreasing trend as the exposure quantiles increase, moving from positive and then falling to zero as it approaches the mid quantile, and slightly increasing as the quantiles increase.

As observed, when the optical fiber’s bending radius is small, the optical loss is large; overall, the optical loss exhibits a decreasing trend as the bending radius increases.

Figure 8 shows that, before the specimens in each group reach the equilibrium moisture content, the surface moisture content on the cross-section at any moment is greater than the internal moisture content, and the moisture content shows a decreasing trend from the surface to the interior of the component.

The TPA analysis exhibited a decreasing trend in terms of chewiness, hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess and springiness in the GD group (Fig. 2i ).

Both DOC and DBC concentrations in the surface water showed a decreasing trend from the ECS shelf to the East Sea.

From 2013 to 2023, the annual average PM 2.5 concentrations at these 3 sites exhibited a decreasing trend over time; however, they remained at relatively high levels, ranging from 35.80 to 94.91 μg/m 3 .

Regarding the overall trend per state, Khartoum, White Nile, and the North Kordofan states showed an increasing trend between August 2023 and June 2025, while the Red Sea, Al Jazirah, Al Qadarif, and Kassala states showed a decreasing trend.

Concurrently, most GA precursors, intermediates, and catabolites (e.g., GA 15 , GA 24 , GA 53 , GA 34 , etc.) also exhibited a decreasing trend from S1 to S2 or S3 ( He et al., 2019 ; Yamaguchi, 2008 ).

A decreasing trend in lung cancer was observed in other age classes in men, but not in women.

The analysis revealed a decreasing trend in F-containing species from the surface to the inner phase of the SEI until it reaches a plateau.

A decreasing trend was observed in all sectors, with the superotemporal, superonasal, and nasal sectors showing significant rates of reduction.

A positive value of p indicates an increasing trend over time, while a negative value suggests a decreasing trend.

In the different treatment groups (in the order of [MTPP]·I, [ETPP]·I, [ITPP]·I, [BTPP]·I, [PTPP]·I), the proportion of green fluorescence showed a decreasing trend, indicating a gradual reduction in the number of live cells.

Although the original sex of the donor still affected the microbial response, hormonal treatment induced consistent directional changes, such as a decreasing trend in Actinomycetota across both male and female donors.

3.2 Joinpoint regression analysis From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence of LBP in China showed a decreasing trend, and the magnitude of the decrease varied over time for men and women.

Conversely, a decreasing trend was identified when both the estimated AAPC and its upper 95% CI were below 0.

Regarding colonic IL-17, TNF-α, and interferon-γ (INF-γ) levels, a decreasing trend was observed in the 207-27 short-term and long-term groups compared with that in the ceftri–DSS group, and the 207-27 long-term group had significantly higher claudin and secretory immunoglobulin A levels.

A decreasing trend was also noted in the presence of 106 bOMVs, although the variation was not significant.

Overall, at the micro-functional level, Acinetobacter , as an early environmental colonizer, exhibited a decreasing trend in abundance across time points, which has also been reported in other studies ( 33 ).

However, as the concentration of LNP increases, the cell viability shows a decreasing trend.

Additionally, Figure 8 illustrates a decreasing trend in the duration of VR interventions with older ages for patients with TBI.

Conversely, a negative coefficient indicates a decreasing trend.

Between 1990 and 2021, the number of ICH-related DALYs showed a decreasing trend across nearly all global regions, with the exceptions of Oceania and Western Sub-Saharan Africa.

[ 21 ] investigated the microbiota at different oral sites (gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), tongue dorsum (TB), and saliva (SAL)) in healthy individuals of different age groups and reported a decreasing trend of α -diversity in aging mouths, while β -diversity showed an opposite increasing trend at all three sites.