“a decreasing trend”

Upon adding the natural compound resveratrol, fluorescence intensity showed a decreasing trend.

The optimal model was determined based on the following fit indices: the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and adjusted Bayesian Information Criterion (aBIC), which should show a decreasing trend, with smaller values indicating better model fit [ 24 ]; an entropy value closer to 1, indicating higher classification accuracy [ 25 ]; and significant likelihood ratio tests (LMR) and Bootstrap-based likelihood ratio tests (BLRT) ( P < 0.05), suggesting that a model with k profiles fits better than a model with k–1 profiles.

The trend of NP - AFP rate from 2016 to 2023 showed a decreasing trend in 2023 by 142 cases (8.4%) compared to 2021 ( Figure 2 ).

Notably, TGF-α expression was significantly reduced in colonic tissues from CKO mice, accompanied by a decreasing trend in circulating TGF-α levels (Fig. 6 E-F and Supplementary Materials 1: Fig.

The Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA) analysis ( Figure 6 E) shows a decreasing trend from around 16,000 Å 2 to ~14,500 Å 2 over the 100 ns, indicating reduced surface exposure and further evidence of structural compactness induced by ligand binding.

While both types of particles exhibited consistent daily patterns, the concentration of PM 2.5 was consistently lower than that of PM 10 , indicating a decreasing trend in concentration.

Plasma levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α were significantly increased in the HFD group, while RA supplementation significantly reduced TNF-α levels and showed a decreasing trend in MCP-1 compared with the HFD group ( Figure 2 E,F).

Over time, after topical treatment, the surface value should show a decreasing trend [ 59 ].

Overall, the expression levels of genes in these clusters showed a decreasing trend.

Trichomonas muris and Syphacia muris also showed a decreasing trend, although with persistence at intermediate levels during certain periods.

On the TP, annual ET at various grassland EC stations shows a decreasing trend with increasing altitude, a trend also observed at desert stations ( Figure 4 b).

For structures with a damping ratio between 0.8 and 1.0, the amplification factor exhibits a decreasing trend, which implies that the system is overdamped, causing frequency lag and an inability to respond promptly to high-speed signals.

In 2024, the number of TB cases in the Republic of Korea (ROK) was 17,944 (35.2 cases per 100,000 population), continuing a decreasing trend over the past decade [ 2 ].

Due to the increased incorporation of hydroxyapatite and the preparation process, both the average pore size and porosity of the composites showed a decreasing trend, which may affect the adhesion and proliferation of cells on the surface of the composites.

Elevated PCB concentrations have also been reported in apple snails from e-waste recycling regions (3.78–1812 ng/g dw) [ 27 ], in marine gastropods collected from industrialised coastal areas (253–1001 ng/g lw) [ 28 ], and in freshwater gastropods collected near e-waste recycling sites (2.65–214 ng/g dw), where PCB levels reflected soil contamination, with elevated concentrations observed at e-waste sites and a decreasing trend over time [ 32 ].

As the number of training epochs increases, the MSE losses of all three models show a decreasing trend.

The P1% values show a decreasing trend from the PRP sample towards aspirated PRP from the ADP-loaded test strips, which may be attributed to ADP increasing aggregation between platelets.

Based on their findings; a decreasing trend in the inequality of distribution of GPs in Albania has been observed between 2000 and 2004.

For the challenge model of H3N2 A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 strain, compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the viral load in the nasal wash fluid of the commercial vaccine group at different time points; the viral load in the nasal wash fluid of the low-dose group of the test trivalent vaccine showed a decreasing trend on Day 1, Day 3, and Day 5, among which there was a statistically significant difference in the reduction of viral load on Day 1 ( p < 0.05); the viral load in the nasal wash fluid of the high-dose group of the test trivalent vaccine was significantly reduced on Day 1, Day 3, and Day 5 ( p < 0.05).

Although the activation levels showed a decreasing trend and gradually approached those of the control group starting from day 1, the differences remained statistically nonsignificant (Fig. 1 i,l).

In terms of growth stages, air temperature showed a decreasing trend as the growth period progressed, and diurnal differences were obvious.

In summary, as the fracture dip angle increases, the overall displacement of particles on both sides of the fracture shows a decreasing trend.

Annually, 78% of stations show a decreasing trend in EMC, with 46% having statistically significant decreases.

In addition, the use of booster seats increased significantly with age, with a decreasing trend in rear-facing CRS, particularly in the pre-legislation sample ( figure 2 ).

Mean daily RTI rate showed a decreasing trend over the observed period ( figure 1 ).