“a negative trend”

The number of newly initiated trials between 2005 and 2015 shows a positive trend, mainly through an increase in phase II trials, whereas phase III trials show a negative trend.

Meconium aspiration ( p = 0.066) and pulmonary hemorrhage ( p = 0.100) showed a negative trend, whereas congenital pneumonia showed no association.

To account for the presence of a negative trend in the outcome variable and the potential for autocorrelation due to irregularity and seasonality inherent in time-series data [ 54 ], we utilized a negative binomial generalized linear model with Newey-West estimators of variance.

In contrast, a negative trend was appreciated between the expression of STEAP1 and SYP (Supplementary Fig. 2c ).

2B ) shifted from a positive trend to a negative trend at the transition from light-limited to light-saturated growth for both cyanobacteria.

This positive trend is then followed by a negative trend as a result of the rainfall decline through 2020. 4.2.

A negative trend during the regulation was present mainly in the putamen, CN and cerebellum.

For example, community biomass was mainly affected by the biomass of dominant annual species, which showed the same trend with the T IP/IC of annual plants, despite a negative trend with the changes of subordinate perennial plant biomass.

The frontal cortex showed positive coupling in CN (βCN = 0.015 [0.006–0.023]) and a negative trend in MCI (βMCI = − 0.003 [− 0.015–0.009]), yielding Δβ = −0.018, d = − 0.191, FDR = 0.0405.

In the interviewees’ view, they observed a negative trend from a hands-on and emergency physician to a patient manager and referral writer.

There is a negative trend between the frequency of Shame, Fear, Disgust and Worry , suggesting negative emotions decrease as knowledge of how to manage bleeding increases (Fig. 7 ).

A negative trend occurred between leaf chlorophyll and leaf area index ( Figure 4 a) for observations corresponding to the first two acquisition dates (from 43 to 62 DAP).

As result of this, the uncertainty about the future of the pandemic in all spheres grows and, thus, economic consequences show a negative trend ( United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2020 ).

showed that there is a negative trend of increasing body mass index within the first and youngest age group.

However, other regions experienced a negative trend (−2.72 ± 2.91 g C m −2 per year) in annual GPP.

Long handover time in emergency care Older analyses from the Institute for Economic and Social Reforms [ 24 ] showed a negative trend in the handover times of patients diagnosed within the First Hour Quintet (FHQ)—i.e., acute, time-critical conditions where every minute is pivotal for survival of the patient and his/her long-term health outcomes.

When considering speeds, the stance time shows a negative trend associated with speed increase, while cadence shows a positive trend; conversely, none of the spatio-temporal parameters show any trend associated with the assistance level.

(similar to Rall et al., 2010 ; Iles, 2014 ; Archer et al., 2019 ) and a negative trend when it fed on C. reinhardtii .

Interestingly, the common toad populations both in Switzerland and in UK have been reported to undergo a negative trend and the reasons for this are currently unknown 18 .

We find that live biomass carbon stocks have undergone a reversal from a positive to a negative trend during the study period with 2016 marking the turning point.

( 2022 ) found that the bryophyte diversity in the Polish city of Wrocław showed a negative trend with variables related to increased urbanization, such as a lower NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and a higher UHI, among other factors influencing species diversity.

When examining the maximum spreading coefficient as a function of the water–glycerin composition, a negative trend is observed with increasing glycerin content for all three parameters.

The fibrous changes in the left lobe also had a negative trend and were estimated at 2.7 points.

A further inspection showed that in some countries the association between European identification and autochthony was negative (most notably in Greece but also showing a negative trend in Hungary and Belgium), whereas it was positive in other countries (particularly strongly in Italy and the Netherlands).

A negative trend in the mean PN with size class seemed to occur in C. warmingii , L. dofleini, L. pusillus , and M. punctatum .