Emerging Pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Therapeutic Advances.

Pharmaceutics · 2025 · PMC11768779 · PMID 39861707

Europe PMC DOI

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a near-significant trendno p-value reported

did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The moderator test (QM = 7.78, p = 0.0999) indicated a near-significant trend, suggesting potential differences between intervention types, although the results did not reach statistical significance at the 5% level.

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a negative trendno p-value reported

Within the subgroups, hydroxyethylrutoside and Venoruton demonstrated positive trends in effect size (21.93 and 23.23, respectively), while coumarin + troxerutin showed a negative trend (−10.94).

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