Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Substance Use Disorder (SUD)-A Review and Insights into Possible Mechanisms of Action.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC11856849 · PMID 40004867

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0630

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantp = 0.05actually significant

Within-group analysis showed a borderline significant improvement in the sham group ( p = 0.05) and a trend toward improvement in the real tDCS group ( p = 0.06).

also in 6,883 other papers

near-significantp = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although the reduction in the active tDCS group was not statistically significant within the group ( p = 0.30), the sham group demonstrated a near-significant increase in anxiety levels ( p = 0.053).

also in 1,669 other papers

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.063so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although the active group demonstrated a stronger reduction, the difference between groups did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.063).

also in 75,281 other papers

approached significanceno p-value reported

It is also worth noting that several studies reported improvements that approached significance or trended in a favorable direction.

also in 5,257 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.