Exploring Factors Associated with Health Status and Dietary Supplement Use Among Portuguese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

Healthcare (Basel) · 2025 · PMC11988924 · PMID 40218066

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0660

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0850

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.066so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Dietary supplement use showed a trend across age groups ( p = 0.066) ( Table S3 ), with moderate sex differences observed (Cramér’s V = 0.26, p < 0.001) ( Table 1 ).

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approached significancep = 0.085so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Regarding age, while no clear trends emerged across other age groups ( p = 0.281), older adults (60+ years) were 7.15 times more likely to use multivitamins compared to younger adults, although this result approached significance ( p = 0.085).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Sex differences were observed, with males being more likely to avoid supplement use (OR = 2.14, p = 0.076), although this association did not reach statistical significance.

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