Efficiency of ultrasound-guided placental gene therapy in a rabbit IUGR model and effects on offspring development.

In the intestine ( Figure 6 ), the treatment in the IUGR-VEGF and IUGR-IGF groups showed a trend to increase both the number of crypts/mm 2 ( p = 0.183) and the number of villi/mm 2 when compared with the IUGR-CON group ( p = 0.089); however, both the IUGR-VEGF and IUGR-IGF groups showed a significantly shorter villous length and a trend toward a lower crypt depth than in the IUGR-CON group ( p = 0.045 and p = 0.147, respectively). 4.

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Conversely, the birth weight of the offspring in Group IUGR-VEGF (86.75 ± 1.32 g) was similar to Group CON and, although differences did not reach statistical significance, were higher than IUGR-CON and IUGR-IGF offspring.

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Hence, there is a strong trend for research on other strategies, based on fetal-focused treatments, for administering treatments either directly to the fetus or through infusion of umbilical cord, amniotic sac, or placenta.

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