Multilevel meta-analysis of the effect of exercise intervention on inhibitory control in children with ASD.

Additionally, the near-significant positive effect of training weeks ( β = 0.050, p = 0.051) supports extending intervention duration, while the lack of significance for training frequency suggests that simply increasing session frequency may not be the key factor for improving effectiveness. 4.6 Research limitations and future research directions Although this study provides valuable findings, several important limitations should be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

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The age variable demonstrated marginal significance in the linear model ( β = −0.091, p = 0.083), with a negative coefficient suggesting that effects may decrease with increasing age.

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In the restricted cubic spline regression, the intercept term for age reached significance ( p = 0.014), and its linear term approached significance ( p = 0.091).

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CS and BR showed the smallest effects, at 0.19 (95% CI: [−0.60, 0.97]) and 0.16 (95% CI: [−0.38, 0.71]) respectively, with both confidence intervals containing zero, suggesting the effects of these interventions may not be significant.

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SG demonstrated a moderate effect size of 0.51 (95% CI: [−0.13, 1.15]), but similarly did not reach statistical significance.

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