Enhancing astronaut training: effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on manual rendezvous and docking skill acquisition.

J Neuroeng Rehabil · 2025 · PMC12557966 · PMID 41146243

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0550

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.1780

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.055so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The left M1 theta power also approached significance [ F (1,48) = 4.151, p = 0.055, η 2 = 0.172].

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failed to reach statistical significancep = 0.095so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similarly, the between-group main effect failed to reach statistical significance ( F = 3.018, p = 0.095, Cohen’s d = 0.440).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.178not close (p > 0.1)

A calculated percentage improvement in training scores revealed that the tDCS group experienced greater gains, with an average position accuracy improvement of 65%, compared to 48% for the sham group.However, the interaction between group and training blocks did not reach statistical significance ( F = 1.542, p = 0.178, Cohen’s d = 0.559).

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