Vitamin D levels in early and middle pregnancy and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

There was an overall trend indicating an increased risk of preeclampsia in women with vitamin D deficiency compared to those with sufficient levels, but the findings did not reach statistical significance p -value<0.001 (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.89–1.76, I 2 = 86.7%;, random-effect).

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Moreover, an ordinal meta-regression across commonly applied thresholds (37.5, 50, and 75 nmol/L; REML) did not indicate a significant trend ( β = 0.17, 95% CI − 0.27 to 0.61; Wald χ 2 = 0.56; p = 0.455), with heterogeneity increasing slightly (τ 2 from 0.0165 at baseline to 0.0214; residual I 2 = 27.9%; adjusted R 2 = 0%).

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Although lower vitamin D levels showed a trend toward higher preeclampsia risk, pooled odds ratios for insufficiency (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.78–1.42) and deficiency (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.89–1.76) were not statistically significant.

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