Toward Personalized ACS Therapy: How Disease Status and Patient Lifestyle Shape the Molecular Signature of Autologous Conditioned Serum.

Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-3—critical enzymes involved in extracellular matrix degradation—were detectable in both groups, with a marked trend toward higher concentrations in ACS obtained from OA patients ( Figure 2 m,n).

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Median levels were slightly higher in healthy individuals (160.98 pg/mL) than in OA patients (146.32 pg/mL), though this difference did not reach statistical significance.

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IL-1RA levels ( Figure 3 a) showed a trend toward higher levels in healthy men than in male OA patients, a pattern not observed in women.

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