Soluble fermentable dietary fiber attenuates age-related cognitive impairment via neuroimmune and antioxidant modulation: evidence from multilevel analyses in populations and aging mouse models.

CERAD Delayed Recall maintained borderline significance across models (Model 1: +0.45, P = 0.006; Model 2: +0.41, P = 0.017; Model 3: +0.37, P = 0.035).

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In the low education group, only Animal Fluency approached significance (+0.99, P = 0.072), with other domains remaining nonsignificant.

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In contrast, women displayed smaller effect sizes across domains, with CERAD Instant Recall (β = 0.04, P = 0.077) and Animal Fluency (β = 0.04, P = 0.095) approaching borderline significance, while CERAD Delayed Recall and DSST showed negligible associations.

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In the high education group, each 1 g/day increase in total dietary fiber intake corresponded to a significant improvement in CERAD Instant Recall (β = 0.06, P< 0.001) and a borderline improvement in Animal Fluency (β = 0.04, P = 0.069), while CERAD Delayed Recall and DSST did not reach statistical significance.

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