Long-Term Outcomes and Natural Course of Giant Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (> 6 cm): Insights From a National Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Cohort.

Although the calculated AR values yielded relatively small p ‐values, these still failed to reach statistical significance.

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However, across S‐M IV to S‐M V subtypes (S3E0V1, S3E1V0, S3E1V1), outcomes increasingly favored conservative management as grade increased, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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In our current investigation, all interventional treatments showed a trend toward increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke or mortality compared to conservative management, with significantly higher long‐term hemorrhage rates in the intervention group.

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