Checklist- and algorithm-based simulation training produce comparable improvements in teamwork-related shared mental models: a cluster-randomized study in trauma resuscitation teams.

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · 2026 · PMC13046582 · PMID 41925867

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp =.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

No time × training group interactions reached statistical significance; task responsibility showed a trend toward a larger increase in the checklist group (F(1,27) = 3.79, p =.06, η2 p = .12), whereas communication and total similarity did not (Table 3 ).

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approached significancep =.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The interaction for task responsibility approached significance ( p =.06; η2 p =.12).

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approaching significanceno p-value reported

Consistent with the overall pattern of non-significant interaction effects (with task responsibility approaching significance), the additional checklist structure did not demonstrate a measurable advantage in teamwork-related SMM alignment within the timeframe of this study.

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