A study of sex and age related heterogeneity in thyroid-gonadal axis interactions in a multi-center cohort of individuals with normal thyroid function.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13260906 · PMID 42290838

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0850

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0850

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.085so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In addition, a positive correlation was observed between FT4 and T, although it did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.242, P = 0.085).

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a clear trendno p-value reported

No significant association was observed in the overall female population, but a clear trend emerged when the data were stratified by age.

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a negative trendno p-value reported

The results showed that the FT3/FT4 ratio exhibited a negative trend with respect to T levels, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.054).

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may be significantno p-value reported

This finding suggests that there may be significant physiological heterogeneity within the female sample, particularly regarding differences in HPG axis status during puberty, childbearing years, and the perimenopausal period.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.