Barely Significant
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Non-invasive biomarkers and pulmonary function in smokers.

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis · 2008 · PMC2528202 · PMID 18488441

Europe PMCDOI
3
hedged sentences
0.0700
closest p · 1.4× alpha
0.0700
boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Methacholine challenge A numerically higher proportion of smokers reacted to methacholine (ie, PD20 of 5.96 mg or less) compared to non-smokers (60% versus 30%) with a trend towards increased BHR in smokers that did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07) ( Figure 2 , Table 1 ).

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failed to reach statistical significanceno p-value reported
Indeed in COPD patients a similar relationship was observed between EBC pH and sputum neutrophilia ( Kostikas et al 2002 ), although in our study this relationship failed to reach statistical significance.

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showed a trendno p-value reported
Pizzichini et al showed a trend towards increased neutrophilia in smokers with non-obstructive chronic bronchitis and predominant neutrophilia in established COPD ( Pizzichini et al 1996 ).

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