HIV-1 envelope subregion length variation during disease progression.

Highly significant differences in V1V2 length are seen between stage 3 and stages 1,2 and 4 (p<2.2×10 −16 , M-W rank sum test), reflecting V1V2 lengthening in chronic illness, followed by contraction in late disease.

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Conversely, among the PBMC sequences, V1V2 length was associated with decreased CD4 counts (β = 8.13 for CD4 counts between 200 and 500 and β = 6.77 for CD4 counts less than 200 compared to >500) although the association with the lowest CD4 count group did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.09).

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In contrast, of the seven subjects in the L2 group (individuals progressing to AIDS between first and final sample), the mean V1V2 length decreased by an average of 0.10 amino acids per year, with only one having a significant trend of increasing length, while one individual showed a significant decrease in length ( Figure 6 ).

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This is followed by a strong trend towards lengthening during chronic infection (stage 3) and a weakening of this trend in late-stage illness (stage 4).

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